PGI Pediatric Department's Foundation Day and Clinic
A Weak Immune System Can Trouble the Stomach
Targeted Therapy Provides Relief
On the occasion of the Foundation Day and Clinic of the Pediatric Gastroenterology Department at Sanjay Gandhi PGI, Prof. Amita Agarwal, Head of the Clinical Immunology Department, discussed how Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) can cause stomach problems. She explained that when the immune system is weak, children may suffer from recurrent diarrhea, liver abscesses (pus formation), and mouth ulcers. If these issues persist, it’s essential to first identify the common causes and begin treatment. If treatment is not effective, doctors need to consider PID as a potential cause. Parents should consult specialists as well.
Prof. Amita further explained that the gut contains the most immune cells since infectious agents typically enter the body through food. These cells help fight bacteria and parasites that enter through the digestive system, thus preventing infections. However, when there is a genetic defect leading to a weakened immune system, these cells may be affected and fail to function properly, leading to recurrent infections in children. In severe cases, the condition can become critical. She suggested that if standard treatment does not provide relief, genetic testing should be done, which typically costs around seven to eight thousand rupees. Upon identifying PID, targeted therapy such as IVIG can provide relief to the children. PID occurs in one in a lakh children.
Jaundice with Fever Could Indicate Liver Problems
Prof. S.K. Yacha, the founder of the department, mentioned that the combination of jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and fever is a sign of serious liver issues. Jaundice occurs when the liver is not functioning properly, leading to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, which causes yellowing. Hepatitis, malaria, dengue, gallstones, or other issues can impair liver function, leading to jaundice and fever. Leptospirosis can also cause this combination of symptoms.
Frequent Vomiting in Children: A Cause for Concern
Prof. Moinak Sen Sharma explained that if a child experiences frequent vomiting, even up to six months, it could be due to blockages in the food pipe, small intestine, stomach, or inflammation in the stomach and intestines. Acid reflux, where stomach acid moves back into the intestines, could also be a cause. Stomach inflammation can occur if the stomach muscles are not working properly, leading to difficulty in digestion. Food allergies could also be a factor. Identifying the cause and starting timely treatment is essential. Prof. Sameer Mohindra also addressed that pancreatitis can cause pain, which can be treated effectively.
Checking Immunoglobulin Levels in Children
To diagnose PID in children, immunoglobulin levels should be monitored, which notrequires separate testing. Blood tests for proteins and albumin are necessary. By substraction these levels, the level of immunoglobulin can be assessed.
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